Lincoln Electric Reports First Quarter 2026 Results

Lincoln Electric Reports First Quarter 2026 Results

First Quarter 2026 Highlights

  • Net sales increase 11.7% to $1,121 million; organic sales increase 7.8%

  • Operating income margin of 16.6%; Adjusted operating income margin of 16.9%

  • EPS of $2.47; Adjusted EPS of $2.50

  • Returned $101 million to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases

CLEVELAND–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) (Nasdaq: LECO) today reported first quarter 2026 net income of $136.4 million, or diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $2.47, which includes special item after-tax net charges of $2.1 million, or $0.03 EPS. This compares with prior year period net income of $118.5 million, or $2.10 EPS, which included special item after-tax net charges of $3.4 million, or $0.06 EPS. Excluding special items, first quarter 2026 adjusted net income was $138.5 million, or $2.50 adjusted EPS. This compares with adjusted net income of $121.9 million, or $2.16 adjusted EPS, in the prior year period.

First quarter 2026 sales increased 11.7% to $1,121.4 million reflecting a 7.8% increase in organic sales, a 1.6% benefit from acquisitions and a 2.3% favorable foreign exchange. Operating income for the first quarter 2026 was $186.2 million, or 16.6% of sales. This compares with operating income of $164.9 million, or 16.4% of sales, in the prior year period. Excluding special items, adjusted operating income was $189.0 million, or 16.9% of sales, as compared with $169.4 million, or 16.9% of sales, in the prior year period.

“We achieved solid first quarter performance driven by disciplined cost management and improving industrial activity in the Americas,” said Steven B. Hedlund, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. “Our team remains agile as we navigate evolving operating conditions and advance our new long-term RISE strategy. We are well positioned to capitalize on growth opportunities, increase profitability and compound earnings from our strategic initiatives and our capital allocation strategy,” Hedlund concluded.

Webcast Information

This earnings release and supplemental information is available under the Investor Relations section of our website. A call to discuss first quarter 2026 financial results will be webcast live today, April 30, 2026, at 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time. Participants can access the call in listen-only mode here and at https://ir.lincolnelectric.com. To participate via telephone, please dial (888) 440-4368 (domestic) or (646) 960-0856 (international) and use confirmation code 6709091. A replay of the earnings call will be available on the Company’s website later today.

About Lincoln Electric

Lincoln Electric is a high-performance industrial machinery and technology leader who helps customers manufacture and maintain vital equipment and infrastructure. Lincoln Electric’s innovative solutions enable higher quality and productivity across a variety of processes including welding, cutting, brazing, machining, process automation, and field repair. The Company leverages proprietary technologies and expertise in materials science, power electronics, automation, and intelligent software to help customers build better and achieve resilience in their operations. Headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, Lincoln Electric is the essential ‘Linc’ that keeps the economy running. The Company operates 71 manufacturing and automation facilities across 20 countries and serves customers in over 160 countries. For more information about Lincoln Electric and its products and services, visit the Company’s website at https://www.lincolnelectric.com.

Non-GAAP Information

Adjusted operating income, adjusted net income, adjusted EBIT, adjusted effective tax rate, adjusted diluted earnings per share (“adjusted EPS”), Organic sales, Free cash flow, Cash conversion, adjusted net operating profit after taxes and adjusted return on invested capital (“adjusted ROIC”) are non-GAAP financial measures. Management uses non-GAAP measures to assess the Company’s operating performance by excluding certain disclosed special items that management believes are not representative of the Company’s core business. Management believes that excluding these special items enables them to make better period-over-period comparisons and benchmark the Company’s operational performance against other companies in its industry more meaningfully. Furthermore, management believes that non-GAAP financial measures provide investors with meaningful information that provides a more complete understanding of Company operating results and enables investors to analyze financial and business trends more thoroughly. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be viewed in isolation, are not a substitute for GAAP measures and have limitations including, but not limited to, their usefulness as comparative measures as other companies may define their non-GAAP measures differently.

Forward-Looking Statements

The Company’s expectations and beliefs concerning the future contained in this news release are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements reflect management’s current expectations and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “forecast,” “guidance” or words of similar meaning. Actual results may differ materially from such statements due to a variety of factors that could adversely affect the Company’s operating results. The factors include, but are not limited to: general economic, financial and market conditions; the effectiveness of commercial and operating initiatives; the effectiveness of information systems and cybersecurity programs; presence of artificial intelligence technologies; completion of planned divestitures; interest rates; disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the credit markets that may limit our access to capital; currency exchange rates and devaluations; adverse outcome of pending or potential litigation; actual costs of the Company’s rationalization plans; the Company’s ability to complete acquisitions, including the Company’s ability to successfully integrate acquisitions; market risks and price fluctuations related to the purchase of commodities and energy; global regulatory complexity; the effects of changes in tax law; tariff rates in the countries where the Company conducts business; and the possible effects of events beyond our control, including but not limited to, geopolitical conflicts, political unrest, acts of terror, natural disasters and pandemics on the Company or its customers, suppliers and the economy in general. For additional discussion, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc.

Financial Highlights

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Consolidated Statements of Income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fav (Unfav) to

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31,

Prior Year

 

 

2026

 

% of Sales

 

2025

% of Sales

$

%

Net sales

 

$

1,121,434

 

 

100.0

%

$

1,004,388

 

100.0%

$

117,046

 

11.7

%

Cost of goods sold

 

 

722,302

 

 

64.4

%

 

638,940

 

63.6%

 

(83,362)

 

(13.0)

%

Gross profit

 

 

399,132

 

 

35.6

%

 

365,448

 

36.4%

 

33,684

 

9.2

%

Selling, general & administrative expenses

 

 

210,811

 

 

18.8

%

 

196,665

 

19.6%

 

(14,146)

 

(7.2)

%

Rationalization and asset impairment net charges

 

 

2,163

 

 

0.2

%

 

3,865

 

0.4%

 

1,702

 

44.0

%

Operating income

 

 

186,158

 

 

16.6

%

 

164,918

 

16.4%

 

21,240

 

12.9

%

Interest expense, net

 

 

13,374

 

 

1.2

%

 

12,127

 

1.2%

 

(1,247)

 

(10.3)

%

Other income

 

 

570

 

 

0.1

%

 

444

 

 

126

 

28.4

%

Income before income taxes

 

 

173,354

 

 

15.5

%

 

153,235

 

15.3%

 

20,119

 

13.1

%

Income taxes

 

 

36,972

 

 

3.3

%

 

34,748

 

3.5%

 

(2,224)

 

(6.4)

%

Effective tax rate

 

 

21.3

%

 

 

 

 

22.7

%

 

 

1.4

%

 

 

Net income

 

$

136,382

 

 

12.2

%

$

118,487

 

11.8%

$

17,895

 

15.1

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic earnings per share

 

$

2.49

 

 

 

 

$

2.11

 

 

$

0.38

 

18.0

%

Diluted earnings per share

 

$

2.47

 

 

 

 

$

2.10

 

 

$

0.37

 

17.6

%

Weighted average shares (basic)

 

 

54,822

 

 

 

 

 

56,058

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average shares (diluted)

 

 

55,317

 

 

 

 

 

56,527

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc.

Financial Highlights

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

Balance Sheet Highlights

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

 

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

298,903

 

$

308,789

 

Accounts receivable, net

 

 

598,315

 

 

538,791

 

Inventories

 

 

693,938

 

 

633,364

 

Total current assets

 

 

1,863,444

 

 

1,739,512

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

 

720,836

 

 

702,762

 

Total assets

 

 

3,900,395

 

 

3,777,577

 

Trade accounts payable

 

 

448,138

 

 

364,934

 

Total current liabilities (1)

 

 

1,020,357

 

 

956,691

 

Long-term debt, less current portion

 

 

1,150,138

 

 

1,150,228

 

Total equity

 

 

1,511,260

 

 

1,469,794

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating Working Capital

 

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

Average operating working capital to Net sales (2)

 

 

18.6

%

 

17.9

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Invested Capital

 

March 31, 2026

December 31, 2025

Short-term debt (1)

 

$

163,502

 

$

143,780

 

Long-term debt, less current portion

 

 

1,150,138

 

 

1,150,228

 

Total debt

 

 

1,313,640

 

 

1,294,008

 

Total equity

 

 

1,511,260

 

 

1,469,794

 

Invested capital

 

$

2,824,900

 

$

2,763,802

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total debt / invested capital

 

 

46.5

%

 

46.8

%

(1)

Includes current portion of long-term debt.

(2)

Average operating working capital to Net sales is defined as the sum of Accounts receivable, Inventories and contract assets less Trade accounts payable and contract liabilities as of period end divided by annualized rolling three months of Net sales.

Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc.

Financial Highlights

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31,

 

 

2026

2025

Operating income as reported

 

$

186,158

 

$

164,918

 

Special items (pre-tax):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rationalization and asset impairment net charges (2)

 

 

2,163

 

 

3,865

 

Transaction costs (3)

 

 

653

 

 

802

 

Amortization of step up in value of acquired inventories (4)

 

 

 

 

(140)

 

Adjusted operating income (1)

 

$

188,974

 

$

169,445

 

As a percent of net sales

 

 

16.9

%

 

16.9

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income as reported

 

$

136,382

 

$

118,487

 

Special items:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rationalization and asset impairment net charges (2)

 

 

2,163

 

 

3,865

 

Transaction costs (3)

 

 

653

 

 

802

 

Amortization of step up in value of acquired inventories (4)

 

 

 

 

(140)

 

Tax effect of Special items (5)

 

 

(740)

 

 

(1,158)

 

Adjusted net income (1)

 

 

138,458

 

 

121,856

 

Interest expense, net

 

 

13,374

 

 

12,127

 

Income taxes as reported

 

 

36,972

 

 

34,748

 

Tax effect of Special items (5)

 

 

740

 

 

1,158

 

Adjusted EBIT (1)

 

$

189,544

 

$

169,889

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effective tax rate as reported

 

 

21.3

%

 

22.7

%

Net special item tax impact

 

 

0.1

%

 

0.1

%

Adjusted effective tax rate (1)

 

 

21.4

%

 

22.8

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diluted earnings per share as reported

 

$

2.47

 

$

2.10

 

Special items per share

 

 

0.03

 

 

0.06

 

Adjusted diluted earnings per share (1)

 

$

2.50

 

$

2.16

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average shares (diluted)

 

 

55,317

 

 

56,527

 

 

(1)

Adjusted operating income, adjusted net income, adjusted EBIT, adjusted effective tax rate and adjusted diluted EPS are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Non-GAAP Information section.

 

(2)

2026 and 2025 net charges primarily relate to rationalization plans within all three segments.

 

(3)

Transaction costs primarily relate to acquisitions and are included in Selling, general & administrative expenses.

 

(4)

Costs relate to acquisitions and are included in Cost of goods sold.

 

(5)

Includes the net tax impact of Special items recorded during the respective periods. The tax effect of Special items impacting pre-tax income was calculated as the pre-tax amount multiplied by the applicable tax rate. The applicable tax rates reflect the taxable jurisdiction and nature of each Special item.

Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc.

Financial Highlights

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Twelve Months Ended March 31,

Return on Invested Capital

2026

2025

Net income as reported

$

538,428

 

$

461,180

 

Plus: Interest expense (after-tax)

 

44,044

 

 

41,450

 

Less: Interest income (after-tax)

 

4,459

 

 

6,868

 

Net operating profit after taxes

$

578,013

 

$

495,762

 

Special Items:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rationalization and asset impairment net charges

 

16,497

 

 

55,120

 

Transaction costs

 

2,590

 

 

6,085

 

Pension settlement net charges

 

719

 

 

3,792

 

Amortization of step up in value of acquired inventories

 

4,104

 

 

4,883

 

Loss on asset disposal

 

 

 

4,950

 

Tax effect of Special items (2)

 

5,595

 

 

(11,545)

 

Adjusted net operating profit after taxes (1)

$

607,518

 

$

559,047

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Invested Capital

March 31, 2026

March 31, 2025

Short-term debt

$

163,502

 

$

109,620

 

Long-term debt, less current portion

 

1,150,138

 

 

1,150,473

 

Total debt

 

1,313,640

 

 

1,260,093

 

Total equity

 

1,511,260

 

 

1,340,170

 

Invested capital

$

2,824,900

 

$

2,600,263

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Return on invested capital as reported

 

20.5

%

 

19.1

%

Adjusted return on invested capital (1)

 

21.5

%

 

21.5

%

 

(1)

Adjusted net operating profit after taxes and adjusted ROIC are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Non-GAAP Information section.

 

(2)

Includes the net tax impact of Special items recorded during the respective periods. The tax effect of Special items impacting pre-tax income was calculated as the pre-tax amount multiplied by the applicable tax rate. The applicable tax rates reflect the taxable jurisdiction and nature of each Special item.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31,

Cash Conversion

2026

2025

Net cash provided by operating activities

$

102,170

 

 

$

185,693

 

 

Capital expenditures

 

(39,163

)

 

 

(26,949

)

 

Free cash flow (1)

$

63,007

 

 

$

158,744

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adjusted net income

$

138,458

 

 

$

121,856

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash conversion (1)

 

46

 

%

 

130

 

%

Free cash flow and cash conversion are non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to Non-GAAP Information section.

Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc.

Financial Highlights

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31,

 

 

2026

 

2025

OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

$

136,382

 

 

$

118,487

 

Adjustments to reconcile Net income to Net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

 

26,009

 

 

 

23,784

 

Deferred income taxes

 

 

22,533

 

 

 

(5,838

)

Other non-cash items, net

 

 

8,064

 

 

 

8,634

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Increase in accounts receivable

 

 

(60,212

)

 

 

(34,108

)

Increase in inventories

 

 

(61,876

)

 

 

(20,167

)

(Increase) decrease in other current assets

 

 

(13,471

)

 

 

2,057

 

Increase in trade accounts payable

 

 

83,784

 

 

 

64,884

 

(Decrease) increase in other current liabilities

 

 

(43,138

)

 

 

21,206

 

Net change in other assets and liabilities

 

 

4,095

 

 

 

6,754

 

NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

 

 

102,170

 

 

 

185,693

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Capital expenditures

 

 

(39,163

)

 

 

(26,949

)

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired

 

 

140

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

 

 

308

 

 

 

4,646

 

NET CASH USED BY INVESTING ACTIVITIES

 

 

(38,715

)

 

 

(22,303

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from (payments on) short-term borrowings, net

 

 

19,613

 

 

 

(904

)

Payments on long-term borrowings

 

 

 

 

 

(169

)

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

 

 

8,559

 

 

 

6,254

 

Purchase of shares for treasury

 

 

(56,670

)

 

 

(106,694

)

Cash dividends paid to shareholders

 

 

(44,071

)

 

 

(42,975

)

NET CASH USED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES

 

 

(72,569

)

 

 

(144,488

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on Cash and cash equivalents

 

 

(772

)

 

 

(1,459

)

(DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

 

 

(9,886

)

 

 

17,443

 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

 

 

308,789

 

 

 

377,262

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

 

$

298,903

 

 

$

394,705

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash dividends paid per share

 

$

0.79

 

 

$

0.75

 

Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc.

Segment Highlights

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Americas

International

The Harris

Corporate /

 

 

 

 

Welding

Welding

Products Group

Eliminations

 

Consolidated

Three months ended March 31, 2026

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net sales

 

$

706,225

 

$

227,035

 

$

188,174

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,121,434

 

Inter-segment sales

 

 

36,709

 

 

5,807

 

 

4,664

 

 

 

(47,180

)

 

 

 

Total sales

 

$

742,934

 

$

232,842

 

$

192,838

 

 

$

(47,180

)

 

$

1,121,434

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

136,382

 

As a percent of total sales

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.2

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EBIT (1)

 

$

126,895

 

$

20,890

 

$

40,991

 

 

$

(2,048

)

 

$

186,728

 

As a percent of total sales

 

 

17.1

%

 

9.0

%

 

21.3

 

%

 

 

 

 

16.7

%

Special items charges (gain) (3)

 

 

573

 

 

1,772

 

 

(182

)

 

 

653

 

 

 

2,816

 

Adjusted EBIT (2)

 

$

127,468

 

$

22,662

 

$

40,809

 

 

$

(1,395

)

 

$

189,544

 

As a percent of total sales

 

 

17.2

%

 

9.7

%

 

21.2

 

%

 

 

 

 

16.9

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three months ended March 31, 2025

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net sales

 

$

653,107

 

$

219,061

 

$

132,220

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,004,388

 

Inter-segment sales

 

 

30,372

 

 

6,832

 

 

3,984

 

 

 

(41,188

)

 

 

 

Total sales

 

$

683,479

 

$

225,893

 

$

136,204

 

 

$

(41,188

)

 

$

1,004,388

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

118,487

 

As a percent of total sales

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

11.8

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

EBIT (1)

 

$

122,063

 

$

21,600

 

$

24,151

 

 

$

(2,452

)

 

$

165,362

 

As a percent of total sales

 

 

17.9

%

 

9.6

%

 

17.7

 

%

 

 

 

 

16.5

%

Special items charges (4)

 

 

2,135

 

 

1,412

 

 

178

 

 

 

802

 

 

 

4,527

 

Adjusted EBIT (2)

 

$

124,198

 

$

23,012

 

$

24,329

 

 

$

(1,650

)

 

$

169,889

 

As a percent of total sales

 

 

18.2

%

 

10.2

%

 

17.9

 

%

 

 

 

 

16.9

%

 

(1)

EBIT is defined as Operating income plus Other income.

 

(2)

The primary profit measure used by management to assess segment performance is adjusted EBIT. EBIT for each operating segment is adjusted for special items to derive adjusted EBIT.

 

(3)

Special items in 2026 primarily reflect Rationalization and asset impairments net charges of $573 in Americas Welding and $1,772 in International Welding, and a net gain of $182 in Harris Products Group. In addition, there were transaction costs of $653 in Corporate/Eliminations.

 

(4)

Special items in 2025 primarily reflect Rationalization and asset impairments net charges of $2,135 in Americas Welding, $1,552 in International Welding and $178 in Harris Products Group, as well as transaction costs of $802 in Corporate/Eliminations.

Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc.

Change in Net Sales by Segment

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31st Change in Net Sales by Segment

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change in Net Sales due to:

 

 

 

 

 

Net Sales

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign

Net Sales

 

 

2025

 

Volume

Price

Acquisitions

Exchange

2026

Operating Segments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Americas Welding

 

$

653,107

 

$

(2,635)

 

$

49,479

 

$

 

$

6,274

 

$

706,225

 

International Welding

 

 

219,061

 

 

(21,631)

 

 

297

 

 

15,794

 

 

13,514

 

 

227,035

 

The Harris Products Group

 

 

132,220

 

 

(1,375)

 

 

54,782

 

 

 

 

2,547

 

 

188,174

 

Consolidated

 

$

1,004,388

 

$

(25,641)

 

$

104,558

 

$

15,794

 

$

22,335

 

$

1,121,434

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

% Change

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Americas Welding

 

 

 

 

 

(0.4)

%

 

7.6

%

 

 

 

0.9

%

 

8.1

%

International Welding

 

 

 

 

 

(9.9)

%

 

0.1

%

 

7.2

%

 

6.2

%

 

3.6

%

The Harris Products Group

 

 

 

 

 

(1.0)

%

 

41.4

%

 

 

 

1.9

%

 

42.3

%

Consolidated

 

 

 

 

 

(2.6)

%

 

10.4

%

 

1.6

%

 

2.3

%

 

11.7

%

 

Amanda Butler

Vice President, Investor Relations & Communications

Tel: 216.383.2534

Email: [email protected]

KEYWORDS: Ohio United States North America

INDUSTRY KEYWORDS: Technology Other Energy Other Manufacturing Utilities Oil/Gas Steel Coal Packaging Alternative Energy Engineering Energy Nuclear Automotive Manufacturing Other Technology Aerospace Manufacturing Electronic Design Automation

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